{"id":127,"date":"2016-05-15T17:27:35","date_gmt":"2016-05-15T16:27:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ict.mazuch.net\/subdom\/ict\/?page_id=127"},"modified":"2016-05-16T10:43:17","modified_gmt":"2016-05-16T09:43:17","slug":"22-pocitacova-grafika","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.ict.mazuch.net\/subdom\/ict\/22-pocitacova-grafika\/","title":{"rendered":"(22) Po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e1 grafika"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pdfprnt-buttons pdfprnt-buttons-page pdfprnt-top-right\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ict.mazuch.net\/subdom\/ict\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/127?print=pdf\" class=\"pdfprnt-button pdfprnt-button-pdf\" target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.ict.mazuch.net\/subdom\/ict\/wp-content\/plugins\/pdf-print\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"image_pdf\" title=\"View PDF\" \/><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ict.mazuch.net\/subdom\/ict\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/127?print=print\" class=\"pdfprnt-button pdfprnt-button-print\" target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.ict.mazuch.net\/subdom\/ict\/wp-content\/plugins\/pdf-print\/images\/print.png\" alt=\"image_print\" title=\"Print Content\" \/><\/a><\/div><ol>\n<li>P\u0159evod rozm\u011br\u016f na palce\n<ol>\n<li>1 palec = 2,54 cm\n<ol>\n<li>10 cm = 3,937 palce<\/li>\n<li>6 cm = 2,3622 palce<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>V\u00fdpo\u010det po\u010dtu bod\u016f (300 DPI)\n<ol>\n<li>Ka\u017ed\u00fd palec \u2013 300 bod\u016f\n<ol>\n<li>3,937 palc\u016f * 300 = 1181 bod\u016f<\/li>\n<li>2,3622 palc\u016f * 300 = 708 bod\u016f<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>Celkem bod\u016f: 1181 * 708 = 836\u00a0148<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li>V\u00fdpo\u010det velikosti v\u00a0pam\u011bti\n<ol>\n<li>Ka\u017ed\u00fd bod spot\u0159ebuje 3 bajty (pokud m\u00e1m 24bitovou barevnou hloubku \u2013 nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed)\n<ol>\n<li>836\u00a0148 * 3 bajty = 2\u00a0508\u00a0444 bajt\u016f = 2\u00a0450kB = 2,45 MB<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>\u00davod<\/h2>\n<p>Po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e1 grafika je z technick\u00e9ho hlediska oboru V\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed techniky, kter\u00fd pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 po\u010d\u00edta\u010de k tvorb\u011b um\u011bl\u00fdch grafick\u00fdch objekt\u016f a d\u00e1le tak\u00e9 na \u00fapravu zobraziteln\u00fdch a prostorov\u00fdch informac\u00ed, nasn\u00edman\u00fdch z re\u00e1ln\u00e9ho sv\u011bta (nap\u0159\u00edklad digit\u00e1ln\u00ed fotografie a jejich \u00faprava, filmov\u00e9 triky). Z hlediska um\u011bn\u00ed jde o samostatnou kategorii grafiky. Za prvn\u00ed film, kde se po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e1 grafika objevila, se pova\u017euje 2001: Vesm\u00edrn\u00e1 odysea, kter\u00fd se sna\u017eil nazna\u010dit budoucnost grafick\u00fdch po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f, nicm\u00e9n\u011b v\u0161echny efekty s \u201epo\u010d\u00edta\u010dovou grafikou\u201c byly v tomto filmu namalovan\u00e9 ru\u010dn\u011b a speci\u00e1ln\u00ed efekty se vyr\u00e1b\u011bly tradi\u010dn\u00ed technikou s modely. Prvn\u00edm filmem, p\u0159i jeho\u017e vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed byla po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e1 grafika skute\u010dn\u011b vyu\u017eita, byl The Andromeda Strain z roku 1971.<\/p>\n<h2>Historie PC grafiky<\/h2>\n<p>William Fetter, design\u00e9r firmy Boeing, je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za autora slovn\u00edho spojen\u00ed \u201epo\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e1 grafika\u201c, kter\u00e9 pou\u017eil, kdy\u017e v roce 1960 popisoval svoji pr\u00e1ci. Na za\u010d\u00e1tku grafick\u00fdch technologi\u00ed byly projekty jako Whirlwind, co\u017e byl prvn\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010d vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed CRT obrazovku pro v\u00fdstup dat, kter\u00fd nav\u00edc umo\u017e\u0148oval vyu\u017eit\u00ed sv\u011bteln\u00e9ho pera jako vstupn\u00ed jednotky. V\u00fdznamn\u00fdm krokem byl po\u010d\u00edta\u010d TX-2, vyvinut\u00fd roku 1959 v Lincolnov\u011b laborato\u0159i v Massachusetts Institute of Technology. V roce 1963 byl pro tento po\u010d\u00edta\u010d naprogramov\u00e1n Ivanem Sutherlandem program Sketchpad, kter\u00fd byl prvn\u00edm programem vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edm grafick\u00e9 mo\u017enosti po\u010d\u00edta\u010de a tedy i prvn\u00edm programem s grafick\u00fdm u\u017eivatelsk\u00fdm rozhran\u00edm. Brzy se za\u010daly v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 firmy zaj\u00edmat o grafiku a v roce 1965 uvedla firma IBM na trh grafick\u00fd termin\u00e1l IBM 2250, prvn\u00ed komer\u010dn\u011b dostupn\u00fd grafick\u00fd po\u010d\u00edta\u010d. Na konci 60. let se konaly prvn\u00ed konference a vznikly prvn\u00ed obecn\u011b p\u0159ij\u00edman\u00e9 standardy, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm d\u00edky organizaci SIGGRAPH (A Special Interest Group in Graphics), kter\u00e1 vznikla v roce 1969 z iniciativy ACM (Association for Computing Machinery). Od roku 1973 se konaj\u00ed pravideln\u00e9 v\u00fdro\u010dn\u00ed konference SIGGRAPH, kter\u00e9 se staly jak\u00fdmsi veletrhem novinek v oblasti po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 grafiky, a\u0165 u\u017e jde o software \u010di hardware[7]. Na konci 70. let se za\u010daly roz\u0161i\u0159ovat mo\u017enosti osobn\u00edch po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f a s nimi i zp\u016fsoby praktick\u00e9ho vyu\u017eit\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 grafiky. Na konci 80. let se 3D grafika stala skute\u010dnost\u00ed na SGI po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u00edch, kter\u00e9 byly pozd\u011bji pou\u017eity p\u0159i tvorb\u011b prvn\u00edch po\u010d\u00edta\u010dem tvo\u0159en\u00fdch kr\u00e1tk\u00fdch film\u016f v Pixaru. Od 80. let se v po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed symboly, ikony, obr\u00e1zky a dal\u0161\u00ed grafick\u00e9 prvky (souhrnn\u011b ozna\u010dovan\u00e9 jako grafick\u00e9 u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9 rozhran\u00ed) pro usnadn\u011bn\u00ed a zp\u0159\u00edjemn\u011bn\u00ed komunikace mezi u\u017eivatelem a po\u010d\u00edta\u010dem. V 90. letech nastal r\u016fst popularity 3D grafiky d\u00edky po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdm hr\u00e1m a animovan\u00fdm film\u016fm. V roce 1995 byl uveden film Toy Story, prvn\u00ed celove\u010dern\u00ed 3D-animovan\u00fd film. V roce 1996 byla vyd\u00e1na hra Quake, jedna z prvn\u00edch her prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00edch v\u00fdhradn\u011b ve 3D prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h2>2D po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e1 grafika<\/h2>\n<p>Existuj\u00ed dva z\u00e1kladn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupy ke 2D grafice: vektorov\u00e1 a rastrov\u00e1 grafika. Vektorov\u00e1 grafika ukl\u00e1d\u00e1 p\u0159esn\u00e1 geometrick\u00e1 data, nap\u0159\u00edklad sou\u0159adnice bod\u016f, propojen\u00ed mezi body (\u00fase\u010dky a k\u0159ivky) a vypln\u011bn\u00ed tvar\u016f. V\u011bt\u0161ina vektorov\u00fdch grafick\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f umo\u017e\u0148uje pou\u017e\u00edt standardn\u00ed tvary jako kru\u017enice, \u010dtverce atd. Naopak z\u00e1kladem rastrov\u00e9 grafiky je pravideln\u00e1 s\u00ed\u0165 pixel\u016f, organizovan\u00e1 jako dvourozm\u011brn\u00e1 matice bod\u016f. Ka\u017ed\u00fd pixel nese specifick\u00e9 informace, nap\u0159\u00edklad o jasu, barv\u011b, pr\u016fhlednosti bodu, nebo kombinaci t\u011bchto hodnot. Obr\u00e1zek v rastrov\u00e9 grafice m\u00e1 omezen\u00e9 rozli\u0161en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se ud\u00e1v\u00e1 po\u010dtem \u0159\u00e1dek a sloupc\u016f. Dnes se \u010dasto kombinuje rastrov\u00e1 a vektorov\u00e1 grafika v souborov\u00fdch form\u00e1tech jako PDF \u010di SWF.<\/p>\n<h2>Vektorov\u00e1 grafika<\/h2>\n<p>Vektorov\u00e1 grafika je jeden ze dvou z\u00e1kladn\u00edch zp\u016fsob\u016f reprezentace obrazov\u00fdch informac\u00ed v po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 grafice. Zat\u00edmco v rastrov\u00e9 grafice je cel\u00fd obr\u00e1zek pops\u00e1n pomoc\u00ed hodnot jednotliv\u00fdch barevn\u00fdch bod\u016f (pixel\u016f) uspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00fdch do pravo\u00fahl\u00e9 m\u0159\u00ed\u017eky, vektorov\u00fd obr\u00e1zek je slo\u017een ze z\u00e1kladn\u00edch, p\u0159esn\u011b definovan\u00fdch \u00fatvar\u016f, jako jsou body, p\u0159\u00edmky, k\u0159ivky a mnoho\u00faheln\u00edky.<\/p>\n<h3>V\u00fdhody a nev\u00fdhody<\/h3>\n<h4>V\u00fdhody<\/h4>\n<p>Vektorov\u00e1 grafika m\u00e1 proti rastrov\u00e9 grafice n\u011bkter\u00e9 v\u00fdhody:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Je v n\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 libovoln\u00e9 zmen\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo zv\u011bt\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed obr\u00e1zku beze ztr\u00e1ty kvality<\/li>\n<li>Je mo\u017en\u00e9 pracovat s ka\u017ed\u00fdm objektem v obr\u00e1zku odd\u011blen\u011b.<\/li>\n<li>V\u00fdsledn\u00e1 pam\u011b\u0165ov\u00e1 n\u00e1ro\u010dnost obr\u00e1zku je u jednolit\u00fdch barevn\u00fdch obr\u00e1zk\u016f men\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e p\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed rastrov\u00e9ho z\u00e1pisu (Nap\u0159. \u010dern\u00e9 kole\u010dko se zap\u00ed\u0161e jako kruh o dan\u00e9m polom\u011bru vypln\u011bn\u00fd \u010dernou barvou &#8211; tedy 3 informace, zat\u00edmco u bitmapy by bylo zapot\u0159eb\u00ed definovat ka\u017ed\u00fd pixel zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165, p\u0159itom po\u0159\u00e1d dokola t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 stejnou informac\u00ed &#8211; pixel barvy #FFFFFF o sou\u0159adnici [x,y], pixel barvy #FFFFFF o sou\u0159adnici [x+1,y], pixel barvy #FFFFFF o sou\u0159adnici [x+2,y]&#8230;atd.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Nev\u00fdhody<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Oproti rastrov\u00e9 grafice zpravidla slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed po\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed obr\u00e1zku. V rastrov\u00e9 grafice lze obr\u00e1zek snadno po\u0159\u00eddit pomoc\u00ed fotoapar\u00e1tu nebo skeneru.<\/li>\n<li>P\u0159ekro\u010d\u00ed-li slo\u017eitost grafick\u00e9ho objektu ur\u010ditou mez, za\u010dne b\u00fdt vektorov\u00e1 grafika n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed na opera\u010dn\u00ed pam\u011b\u0165 a procesor ne\u017e grafika bitmapov\u00e1.<\/li>\n<li>Nehod\u00ed se na z\u00e1pis slo\u017eit\u00fdch barevn\u00fdch ploch &#8211; nap\u0159\u00edklad fotografie nebo hieroglyfy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Pou\u017eit\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Vektorov\u00e1 grafika se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 zejm\u00e9na pro po\u010d\u00edta\u010dovou sazbu, tvorbu ilustrac\u00ed, diagram\u016f a logotyp\u016f. Pro pr\u00e1ci s vektorovou grafikou se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed vektorov\u00e9 editory (nap\u0159. Adobe Illustrator, CorelDraw, Inkscape, Sodipodi, Zoner Callisto).<\/p>\n<h3>Bezi\u00e9rova k\u0159ivka<\/h3>\n<p>Teoretick\u00fdm z\u00e1kladem vektorov\u00e9 grafiky je analytick\u00e1 geometrie. Obr\u00e1zek nen\u00ed slo\u017een z jednotliv\u00fdch bod\u016f, ale z k\u0159ivek \u2013 vektor\u016f. K\u0159ivky spojuj\u00ed jednotliv\u00e9 kotevn\u00ed body a mohou m\u00edt definovanou v\u00fdpl\u0148 (barevn\u00e1 plocha nebo barevn\u00fd p\u0159echod). Tyto \u010d\u00e1ry se naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed B\u00e9zierovy k\u0159ivky. Francouzsk\u00fd matematik Pierre B\u00e9zier vyvinul metodu, d\u00edky kter\u00e9 je schopen popsat pomoc\u00ed \u010dty\u0159 bod\u016f libovoln\u00fd \u00fasek k\u0159ivky. K\u0159ivka je pops\u00e1na pomoc\u00ed dvou krajn\u00edch bod\u016f (tzv. kotevn\u00ed body) a dvou bod\u016f, kter\u00e9 ur\u010duj\u00ed tvar k\u0159ivky (tzv. kontroln\u00ed body). Spojnice mezi kontroln\u00edm bodem a kotevn\u00edm bodem je te\u010dnou k v\u00fdsledn\u00e9 k\u0159ivce.<\/p>\n<h3>Form\u00e1ty vektorov\u00e9 grafiky<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>*.eps, *.ps \u2013 PostScript,<\/li>\n<li>*.pdf \u2013 Portable Document Format,<\/li>\n<li>*.ai \u2013 Adobe Illustrator Artwork,<\/li>\n<li>*.cdr \u2013 Corel Draw,<\/li>\n<li>*.svg \u2013 Scalable Vector Graphics (Inkscape)<\/li>\n<li>*.zmf \u2013 Zoner Callisto<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.file-extensions.org\/\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.file-extensions.org\/<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<h2>Rastrov\u00e1 (bitmapov\u00e1) grafika<\/h2>\n<p>Bitmapov\u00e1 grafika (rastrov\u00e1 grafika) je jeden ze dvou z\u00e1kladn\u00edch zp\u016fsob\u016f, jak\u00fdm po\u010d\u00edta\u010de ukl\u00e1daj\u00ed a zpracov\u00e1vaj\u00ed obrazov\u00e9 informace (druh\u00fd zp\u016fsob je vektorov\u00e1 grafika).<br \/>\nV bitmapov\u00e9 grafice je cel\u00fd obr\u00e1zek pops\u00e1n pomoc\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch barevn\u00fdch bod\u016f (pixel\u016f). Body jsou uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1ny do m\u0159\u00ed\u017eky. Ka\u017ed\u00fd bod m\u00e1 ur\u010den svou p\u0159esnou polohu a barvu v n\u011bjak\u00e9m barevn\u00e9m modelu (nap\u0159. RGB). Tento zp\u016fsob popisu obr\u00e1zk\u016f pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 nap\u0159. televize nebo digit\u00e1ln\u00ed fotoapar\u00e1t. Kvalitu z\u00e1znamu obr\u00e1zku ovliv\u0148uje p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm rozli\u0161en\u00ed a barevn\u00e1 hloubka.<br \/>\nRozm\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed a po\u010det barevn\u00fdch bod\u016f obvykle odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, na kter\u00e9m se obr\u00e1zek zobrazuje (monitor, pap\u00edr). Pokud se obr\u00e1zek zobrazuje na monitoru, sta\u010d\u00ed rozli\u0161en\u00ed 72 DPI, pro tisk na tisk\u00e1rn\u011b 300 DPI.<br \/>\nPro p\u0159evod obrazov\u00fdch p\u0159edloh (klasick\u00e9 fotografie, kreseb a dal\u0161\u00edch) do bitmapov\u00e9 grafiky slou\u017e\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed naz\u00fdvan\u00e9 skener nebo digit\u00e1ln\u00ed fotoapar\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/tleskac.gkolin.cz\/~jmaz16\/fotka_na_MB.php\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/tleskac.gkolin.cz\/~jmaz16\/fotka_na_MB.php<\/a>\u00a0&#8211; velikost fotky<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-142\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ict.mazuch.net\/subdom\/ict\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/vypocet-velikost-fotgrafie.png\" alt=\"vypocet velikost fotgrafie\" width=\"797\" height=\"606\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ict.mazuch.net\/subdom\/ict\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/vypocet-velikost-fotgrafie.png 797w, https:\/\/www.ict.mazuch.net\/subdom\/ict\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/vypocet-velikost-fotgrafie-300x228.png 300w, https:\/\/www.ict.mazuch.net\/subdom\/ict\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/vypocet-velikost-fotgrafie-768x584.png 768w, https:\/\/www.ict.mazuch.net\/subdom\/ict\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/vypocet-velikost-fotgrafie-50x38.png 50w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 797px) 100vw, 797px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>V\u00fdhody a nev\u00fdhody<\/h3>\n<h4>Nev\u00fdhody<\/h4>\n<p>velk\u00e9 n\u00e1roky na pam\u011b\u0165ov\u00e9 zdroje (p\u0159i vysok\u00e9m rozli\u0161en\u00ed a barevn\u00e9 hloubce velikost obr\u00e1zku dosahuje i jednotek megabyt\u016f, v profesion\u00e1ln\u00ed grafice se b\u011b\u017en\u011b operuje i s podklady o des\u00edtk\u00e1ch megabyt\u016f)<br \/>\nzm\u011bna velikosti (zv\u011bt\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo zmen\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed) vede ke zhor\u0161en\u00ed obrazov\u00e9 kvality obr\u00e1zku<br \/>\nzv\u011bt\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed obr\u00e1zku je mo\u017en\u00e9 jen v omezen\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e, nebo\u0165 p\u0159i v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00ed je na v\u00fdsledn\u00e9m obr\u00e1zku patrn\u00fd rastr<\/p>\n<h4>V\u00fdhody<\/h4>\n<p>po\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed obr\u00e1zku je velmi snadn\u00e9 nap\u0159\u00edklad pomoc\u00ed fotoapar\u00e1tu nebo pomoc\u00ed skeneru.<\/p>\n<h3>Form\u00e1ty bitmapov\u00e9 grafiky<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>*.jpg<\/li>\n<li>*.gif<\/li>\n<li>*.png<\/li>\n<li>*.bmp<\/li>\n<li>*.tiff<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Vlastnosti form\u00e1t\u016f<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>jpg = p\u0159\u00edpona ztr\u00e1tov\u00e9 komprese JPEG\n<ul>\n<li>pro ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed obr\u00e1zku ve fotorealistick\u00e9 kvalit\u011b<\/li>\n<li>nevhodn\u00fd pro text, perokresbu, ikonky \u2013 vytvo\u0159\u00ed se viditeln\u00e9 artefakty<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>gif = grafick\u00fd form\u00e1t s\u00a0bezztr\u00e1tovou kompres\u00ed\n<ul>\n<li>vhodn\u00fd pro ulo\u017een\u00ed n\u00e1pis\u016f, pl\u00e1nk\u016f, log<\/li>\n<li>umo\u017e\u0148uje i jednoduch\u00e9 animace<\/li>\n<li>maxim\u00e1ln\u011b 8 bit\u016f na pixel \u2013 256 barev v obr\u00e1zku (v animac\u00edch 256 barev na jedno okno animace) -&gt; na m\u00e1lobarevn\u00e9 obr\u00e1zky, kter\u00e9 pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed uchovat kvalitu<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>png = grafick\u00fd form\u00e1t s\u00a0bezztr\u00e1tovou kompres\u00ed\n<ul>\n<li>vyvinut jako zdokonalen\u00ed a n\u00e1hrada gifu<\/li>\n<li>24 bitov\u00e1 barevn\u00e1 hloubka, nab\u00edz\u00ed 8bitovou pr\u016fhlednost (=alfa kan\u00e1l) -&gt; obr\u00e1zek m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt na n\u011bkolika m\u00edstech pr\u016fhledn\u00fd (nevytvo\u0159\u00ed b\u00edl\u00e9 pozad\u00ed jako ostatn\u00ed)<\/li>\n<li>Nedostupnost grafick\u00e9 animace<\/li>\n<li>Nepodporuje CMYK<\/li>\n<li>V\u011bt\u0161\u00ed soubory ne\u017e jpeg \u2013 vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed kvalita bez komprese za cenu velikosti souboru<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Vektorov\u00e1 grafika<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Nepopisuje obr\u00e1zky pomoc\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch bod\u016f (pixel\u016f) \u2013 je slo\u017een ze z\u00e1kladn\u00edch, p\u0159esn\u011b definovan\u00fdch tvar\u016f (body, p\u0159\u00edmky, k\u0159ivky, mnoho\u00faheln\u00edky)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>+ \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 libovoln\u00e9 zv\u011bt\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed bez ztr\u00e1ty kvality, lze pracovat s\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00fdm objektem zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165, men\u0161\u00ed pam\u011b\u0165ov\u00e1 n\u00e1ro\u010dnost u barevn\u011b jednolit\u00fdch obr\u00e1zk\u016f<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed po\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed obr\u00e1zku (nelze pou\u017e\u00edt fotka), p\u0159\u00ed slo\u017eit\u00fdch obr\u00e1zc\u00edch je vysok\u00e1 n\u00e1ro\u010dnost na opera\u010dn\u00ed pam\u011b\u0165 a procesor, nehod\u00ed se na slo\u017eit\u00e9 barevn\u00e9 plochy (fotky,\u2026)<\/li>\n<li>P\u0159\u00edpony: .pdf, .svg (snadn\u00e9 p\u0159enesen\u00ed do HTML k\u00f3du), .zmf (Zoner Callisto)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h1>Barvy<\/h1>\n<h2>RGB &amp; CMYK<\/h2>\n<p>Barevn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my <strong>RGB<\/strong> a <strong>CMYK<\/strong> se pom\u011brn\u011b z\u00e1sadn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed. A\u010d to n\u011bkdo nemus\u00ed poznat, tak p\u0159ece jen nen\u00ed \u010dern\u00e1 jako \u010dern\u00e1.<\/p>\n<h3>RGB<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>syst\u00e9m pro m\u00edch\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011btel<br \/>\nobsahuje \u010dervenou (<strong>R<\/strong>ed), zelenou (<strong>G<\/strong>reen) a modrou (<strong>B<\/strong>lue)<br \/>\nsm\u00edch\u00e1n\u00edm v\u0161ech t\u0159\u00ed sv\u011btel dostaneme b\u00edlou, \u010dern\u00e1 je v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b absence sv\u011btel (sv\u011btla nesv\u00edt\u00ed &#8211; z\u00e1klad je \u010dern\u00e1 obrazovka)<br \/>\nvyu\u017eit\u00ed na <strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">zobrazovac\u00edch<\/span><\/strong> za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">(monitory<\/span>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>CMYK<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>syst\u00e9m pro m\u00edch\u00e1n\u00ed barev<\/li>\n<li>obsahuje azurovou (<strong>C<\/strong>yan), purpurovou (<strong>M<\/strong>agenta), \u017elutou (<strong>Y<\/strong>ellow) a \u010dernou (<strong>K<\/strong>ey), tato barva je spr\u00e1vn\u011b ozna\u010dov\u00e1na jako Key, nikoliv blacK, jak v\u011brohodn\u011b, av\u0161ak nespr\u00e1vn\u011b uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e9 mnemotechnick\u00e9 pom\u016fcky. Je tomu tak proto, \u017ee se p\u0159i soutisku CMYK barev typicky barvy zarovn\u00e1vaj\u00ed na kl\u00ed\u010dovac\u00ed zna\u010dky, kter\u00e9 jsou ti\u0161t\u011bny klasickou \u010dernou barvou<\/li>\n<li>sm\u00edch\u00e1n\u00edm v\u0161ech t\u0159\u00ed barev dostaneme \u010dernou, b\u00edl\u00e1 je v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b absence barev (nen\u00ed barva &#8211; z\u00e1klad je b\u00edl\u00fd pap\u00edr)<\/li>\n<li>vyu\u017eit\u00ed v <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>tiskov\u00fdch<\/strong><\/span> technologi\u00edch<\/li>\n<li>\u010dern\u00e1 je zde jaksi nav\u00edc, ale proto\u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina textu se tiskne \u010dernou, je \u00fasporn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed m\u00edt j\u00ed samostatn\u011b a nemuset j\u00ed poka\u017ed\u00e9 m\u00edchat z ostatn\u00edch barev<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>HTML Barvy<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>HTML Barvy jsou ps\u00e1ny v hexadecim\u00e1ln\u00ed soustav\u011b a odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed dekadicky zapsan\u00e9mu RGB &gt;&gt; rgb(255,255,254) = #FFFFFE<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-144\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ict.mazuch.net\/subdom\/ict\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/html_barvy.png\" alt=\"html_barvy\" width=\"521\" height=\"543\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ict.mazuch.net\/subdom\/ict\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/html_barvy.png 521w, https:\/\/www.ict.mazuch.net\/subdom\/ict\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/html_barvy-288x300.png 288w, https:\/\/www.ict.mazuch.net\/subdom\/ict\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/html_barvy-48x50.png 48w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 521px) 100vw, 521px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.vicko.cz\/skripty\/barvy\/\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.vicko.cz\/skripty\/barvy\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>P\u0159evod rozm\u011br\u016f na palce 1 palec = 2,54 cm 10 cm = 3,937 palce 6 cm = 2,3622 palce V\u00fdpo\u010det po\u010dtu bod\u016f (300 DPI) Ka\u017ed\u00fd palec \u2013 300 bod\u016f 3,937 palc\u016f * 300 = 1181 bod\u016f 2,3622 palc\u016f * 300 = 708 bod\u016f Celkem bod\u016f: 1181 * 708 = 836\u00a0148 V\u00fdpo\u010det velikosti v\u00a0pam\u011bti Ka\u017ed\u00fd bod <a class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ict.mazuch.net\/subdom\/ict\/22-pocitacova-grafika\/\">[&hellip;]<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"wppr_data":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ict.mazuch.net\/subdom\/ict\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/127"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ict.mazuch.net\/subdom\/ict\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ict.mazuch.net\/subdom\/ict\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ict.mazuch.net\/subdom\/ict\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ict.mazuch.net\/subdom\/ict\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=127"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.ict.mazuch.net\/subdom\/ict\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/127\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":145,"href":"https:\/\/www.ict.mazuch.net\/subdom\/ict\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/127\/revisions\/145"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ict.mazuch.net\/subdom\/ict\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=127"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}