{"id":23,"date":"2016-05-10T22:02:33","date_gmt":"2016-05-10T21:02:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ict.mazuch.net\/subdom\/ict\/?page_id=23"},"modified":"2016-05-10T22:43:56","modified_gmt":"2016-05-10T21:43:56","slug":"7-pocitace-a-zakony","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.ict.mazuch.net\/subdom\/ict\/7-pocitace-a-zakony\/","title":{"rendered":"(7) Po\u010d\u00edta\u010de a z\u00e1kony"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pdfprnt-buttons pdfprnt-buttons-page pdfprnt-top-right\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ict.mazuch.net\/subdom\/ict\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/23?print=pdf\" class=\"pdfprnt-button pdfprnt-button-pdf\" target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.ict.mazuch.net\/subdom\/ict\/wp-content\/plugins\/pdf-print\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"image_pdf\" title=\"View PDF\" \/><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ict.mazuch.net\/subdom\/ict\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/23?print=print\" class=\"pdfprnt-button pdfprnt-button-print\" target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.ict.mazuch.net\/subdom\/ict\/wp-content\/plugins\/pdf-print\/images\/print.png\" alt=\"image_print\" title=\"Print Content\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"su-spoiler su-spoiler-style-fancy su-spoiler-icon-plus-circle su-spoiler-closed\" data-scroll-offset=\"0\" data-anchor-in-url=\"no\"><div class=\"su-spoiler-title\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"><span class=\"su-spoiler-icon\"><\/span>Osnova<\/div><div class=\"su-spoiler-content su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">\n<ol>\n<li>Z\u00e1kony ohledn\u011b audio-vizu\u00e1ln\u00edch d\u011bl<\/li>\n<li>Software<\/li>\n<li>Licence\n<ol>\n<li>freeware<\/li>\n<li>shareware<br \/>\ndemoverze<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Trial verze<\/li>\n<li>Cripple verze<\/li>\n<li>Adware, nagware<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>GNU General Public License<\/li>\n<li>GNU Lesser General Public License<\/li>\n<li>Public domain<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>Pir\u00e1tstv\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>Neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed aktivity<\/li>\n<li>N\u00e1sledky<\/li>\n<li>Odpov\u011bdnost<\/li>\n<li>PC etika<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<h2><strong>Z\u00e1kony ohledn\u011b audio-vizu\u00e1ln\u00edch d\u011bl<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Stahov\u00e1n\u00ed hudby i videa (film\u016f) chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdch autorsk\u00fdm z\u00e1konem z internetu (z libovoln\u00e9ho internetov\u00e9ho zdroje) je v\u017edy leg\u00e1ln\u00ed, pokud takto z\u00edskan\u00e9 d\u00edlo nebudete d\u00e1le \u0161\u00ed\u0159it ani ve\u0159ejn\u011b reprodukovat. V praxi to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee si p\u00edsni\u010dku m\u016f\u017eete st\u00e1hnout, ulo\u017eit ji na disk po\u010d\u00edta\u010de (na disk MP3 p\u0159ehr\u00e1va\u010de apod.) a podle libosti ji poslouchat. Nesm\u00edte ji v\u0161ak ji\u017e nikomu dal\u0161\u00edmu zkop\u00edrovat. Nem\u011bl byste tak\u00e9 vlastnit v\u00edc ne\u017e jednu kopii t\u00e9to p\u00edsni\u010dky, tak\u017ee pokud si p\u00edsni\u010dku vyp\u00e1l\u00edte na CD, m\u011bl byste podle striktn\u00edho v\u00fdkladu z\u00e1kona smazat \u201eemp\u00e9trojku\u201c z pevn\u00e9ho disku. (Jednotliv\u00e9 interpretace p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va se v\u0161ak v tomto bodu li\u0161\u00ed.)<\/li>\n<li>Plat\u00ed v \u010cR \u2013 nen\u00ed dobr\u00e9 si br\u00e1t na dovolenou filmy, kter\u00e9 byly sta\u017een\u00e9, v jin\u00e9 zemi m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt trochu jin\u00e1 legislativa<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>Software<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><u>Propriet\u00e1rn\u00ed<\/u><\/strong> &#8211; nebo tak\u00e9 software s uzav\u0159en\u00fdm k\u00f3dem (z anglick\u00e9ho: closed\u00a0source) je takov\u00fd software, kde jeho autor upravuje licenc\u00ed (typicky EULA) \u010di\u00a0jin\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem mo\u017enosti jeho pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed. K takov\u00e9mu software nejsou zpravidla k dispozici voln\u011b zdrojov\u00e9 k\u00f3dy \u010di v nich nelze svobodn\u011b d\u011blat \u00fapravy a v\u00fdsledn\u00e9 d\u00edlo distribuovat. Takov\u00fd software obvykle spad\u00e1 do kategorie komer\u010dn\u00edho software, kter\u00fd jeho autor prod\u00e1v\u00e1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><u>Otev\u0159en\u00fd<\/u><\/strong> &#8211; (anglicky open-source software nebo open software, zkratka OSS) je po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fd software s otev\u0159en\u00fdm zdrojov\u00fdm k\u00f3dem. Otev\u0159enost zde znamen\u00e1 jak technickou dostupnost k\u00f3du, tak leg\u00e1ln\u00ed dostupnost \u2013licenci software, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje, p\u0159i dodr\u017een\u00ed jist\u00fdch podm\u00ednek (ku p\u0159\u00edkladu GNU licence), u\u017eivatel\u016fm zdrojov\u00fd k\u00f3d vyu\u017e\u00edvat, nap\u0159\u00edklad prohl\u00ed\u017eet a upravovat (na rozd\u00edl od propriet\u00e1rn\u00edho software).<\/li>\n<li><u>\u0160\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed<\/u> \u2013 pokud nen\u00ed povoleno licenc\u00ed (Shareware, BSD, Freeware&#8230; viz. List Licence)<\/li>\n<li><u>Neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed<\/u> \u2013 to je u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed bez platn\u00e9 licence (nap\u0159. pro komer\u010dn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dely)<\/li>\n<li>http:\/\/www.stoppiratstvi.cz\/file\/edee\/pdf\/stahovani.pdf &#8211; podrobn\u011b vysv\u011btleno<\/li>\n<li>Je-li <strong>\u201eOEM\u201c verze<\/strong>, pak je sp\u0159a\u017een (v\u011bt\u0161inou u\u017e od koup\u011b) s PC \u2013 to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee licence je nep\u0159enositeln\u00e1<em> (je sp\u0159a\u017een se z\u00e1kladn\u00ed deskou, kter\u00e1 byla v dob\u011b instalace v PC \u2013 tud\u00ed\u017e p\u0159i v\u00fdm\u011bn\u011b MB bacha \u2013 hlavn\u011b OS (Windows) m\u016f\u017ee pak d\u011blat vyrv\u00e1l ohledn\u011b licence)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>Licence<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><u>Freeware<\/u><\/strong> &#8211; je propriet\u00e1rn\u00ed software, kter\u00fd je distribuov\u00e1n bezplatn\u011b (\u010di za symbolickou odm\u011bnu typu posl\u00e1n\u00ed pohlednice, mnohdy autor umo\u017e\u0148uje (ale nevy\u017eaduje) v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b spokojenosti zasl\u00e1n\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00edho daru), n\u011bkdyhovo\u0159\u00edme o typu softwarov\u00e9 licence. Podm\u00ednky bezplatn\u00e9ho pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed a \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed jsou definov\u00e1ny v licen\u010dn\u00edsmlouv\u011b, kter\u00e1 je \u010dasto specifick\u00e1 pro ka\u017ed\u00fd freeware.<\/li>\n<li><strong><u>Shareware<\/u><\/strong> &#8211; je ozna\u010den\u00ed pro software chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fd autorsk\u00fdm pr\u00e1vem, kter\u00fd je mo\u017en\u00e9 voln\u011b distribuovat (typicky na internetu nebo na CD nebo DVD, je\u017e jsou p\u0159\u00edlohami \u010dasopis\u016f). U\u017eivatel m\u00e1 mo\u017enost software po ur\u010ditou dobuzkou\u0161et, zda mu vyhovuje nebo ne. Pokud ho ale nad\u00e1le pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1, je povinen se \u0159\u00eddit podle autorovy licence a zpravidla zaplatit cenu programu nebo se t\u0159eba jen registrovat.\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Jde-li o demoverzi, d\u011bl\u00ed se na:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><u>1) Trialverze <\/u>\u2013 \u010dasov\u011b omezen\u00e1;<\/li>\n<li><u>2) Crippleware<\/u> \u2013 funk\u010dn\u011b omezen\u00e1;<\/li>\n<li><u>3) Adware\/nagware<\/u> \u2013 u\u017eivatelsky nekomfortn\u00ed (vyskakuj\u00edc\u00ed okno na p\u0159ihl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed\/registraci,<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>GNU General Public License <\/strong><em>(zkr. GNU GPL) <\/em>\u2013 licence pro svobodn\u00fd software, siln\u011b \u201ecopyleftov\u00e1\u201c licence, vy\u017eaduje, aby odvozen\u00e1 d\u00edla byla dostupn\u00e1 pod t\u00e9\u017ee licenc\u00ed (<a href=\"http:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GNU_General_Public_License\">http:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GNU_General_Public_License<\/a>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>GNU Lesser General Public License<\/strong><em> (d\u0159\u00edve GNU Library General Public\u00a0<\/em><em>License nebo GNU LGPL)<\/em> \u2013 vznik jako \u201eknihovn\u00ed\u201c licence k u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed knihoven i v softwaru, kter\u00fd nen\u00ed svobodn\u00fd (<a href=\"http:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GNU_Lesser_General_Public_License\">http:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GNU_Lesser_General_Public_License<\/a>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Public domain<\/strong> \u2013 povolen\u00ed autora u\u017e\u00edvat sv\u00e9 d\u00edlo bez n\u00e1roku na dal\u0161\u00ed ochranu d\u00edla &#8211; (autorsk\u00fdch) pr\u00e1v nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 se vzd\u00e1t v \u010desk\u00e9m pr\u00e1vn\u00edm\u00a0syst\u00e9mu, ale je o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1no, \u017ee autor se nebude sv\u00fdch pr\u00e1v dom\u00e1hat.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>Pir\u00e1tstv\u00ed<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>U\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed \u201ccrack\u016f\u201d \u010di \u201ckeygen\u016f\u201d a jak\u00e9hokoliv softwaru pro obch\u00e1zen\u00ed ochran<\/li>\n<li>,,Pir\u00e1tsk\u00e9 v\u00fdv\u011bsky\u2018\u2018 &amp; ,,\u010dern\u00e9 servery\u2018\u2018- zde si m\u016f\u017ee kter\u00fdkoli u\u017eivatel st\u00e1hnout kanc. bal\u00edk, pln\u00e9 po\u010d. hry atd.<\/li>\n<li>Riziko zavirov\u00e1n\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010de.<\/li>\n<li>Ztr\u00e1ta \u0159ady v\u00fdhod, v\u016f\u010di leg\u00e1ln\u00edmu zakoupen\u00ed (nemo\u017enost online podpory<\/li>\n<li>Ochrana p\u0159ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdm pir\u00e1tsv\u00edm\n<ul>\n<li>S\u00e9riov\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo<\/li>\n<li>BSA (Bussines Software Alliance) &#8211; akce proti pir\u00e1t\u016fm, osv\u011bta proti po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9mu pir\u00e1tstv\u00ed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>Neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed aktivity<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>U\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed Keylogger\u016f (\u0161pehov\u00e1n\u00ed)<\/li>\n<li>Pou\u017eit\u00ed softwaru pro l\u00e1m\u00e1n\u00ed hesel apod.<\/li>\n<li>Snaha o z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupu k dat\u016fm, smaz\u00e1n\u00ed dat, \u00fapravu dat, pop\u0159\u00edpad\u011b o \u00fapravu\/znefunk\u010dn\u011bn\u00ed softwaru (pro obohacen\u00ed sebe nebo n\u011bkoho jin\u00e9ho)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>N\u00e1sledky<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody<\/li>\n<li>Propadnut\u00ed v\u011bci<\/li>\n<li>Pen\u011b\u017eit\u00fd trest<\/li>\n<li>Dal\u0161\u00ed postihy vypl\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed z jedn\u00e1n\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>+ n\u00e1hrada \u0161kody, odep\u0159en\u00ed slu\u017eeb u\u017eivateli<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>Odpov\u011bdnost<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Za poru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed autorsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va v organizaci je odpov\u011bdn\u00fd ten, kdo \u00famysln\u011b autorsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo poru\u0161il (nap\u0159. v\u011bd\u011bl, \u017ee jde o neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed kopii softwaru, a p\u0159esto ji u\u017e\u00edval; neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u011b instaloval neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed kopii; p\u0159ep\u00e1lil po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fd program apod.). \u00da\u010dastn\u00edkem na tomto trestn\u00e9m \u010dinu, kter\u00e9mu hroz\u00ed tent\u00fd\u017e trest jako hlavn\u00edmu pachateli, je ten, kdo neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed softwaru organizoval, nav\u00e1d\u011bl k n\u011bmu a poskytoval k n\u011bmu pomoc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>P\u0159\u00edkazy po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 etiky<\/strong> <em>(podle Computer Ethics Institute, USA)<\/em><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Nepou\u017eije\u0161 po\u010d\u00edta\u010de k tomu, abys po\u0161kodil druh\u00e9 lidi.<\/li>\n<li>Svoj\u00ed aktivitou na po\u010d\u00edta\u010di nebude\u0161 ru\u0161it pr\u00e1ci jin\u00fdch lid\u00ed na po\u010d\u00edta\u010di.<\/li>\n<li>Nenaru\u0161\u00ed\u0161 soukrom\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch soubor\u016f jin\u00fdch lid\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>Nepou\u017eije\u0161 po\u010d\u00edta\u010de ke kr\u00e1de\u017ei.<\/li>\n<li>Nepou\u017eije\u0161 po\u010d\u00edta\u010de k fale\u0161n\u00e9mu sv\u011bdectv\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>Nebude\u0161 pou\u017e\u00edvat po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 zdroje jin\u00fdch lid\u00ed bez jejich dsuhlasu nebo vhodn\u00e9 kompenzace.<\/li>\n<li>Nebude\u0161 si p\u0159isvojovat intelektu\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdstupy jin\u00fdch lid\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>Bude\u0161 p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161let o soci\u00e1ln\u00edch konsekvenc\u00edch programu, kter\u00fd p\u00ed\u0161e\u0161, anebo syst\u00e9mu, kter\u00fd navrhuje\u0161.<\/li>\n<li>V\u017edy bude\u0161 pou\u017e\u00edvat po\u010d\u00edta\u010d takov\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem, kter\u00fd zabezpe\u010duje \u00factu a respekt k tv\u00fdm bli\u017en\u00edm.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Z\u00e1kony ohledn\u011b audio-vizu\u00e1ln\u00edch d\u011bl Stahov\u00e1n\u00ed hudby i videa (film\u016f) chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdch autorsk\u00fdm z\u00e1konem z internetu (z libovoln\u00e9ho internetov\u00e9ho zdroje) je v\u017edy leg\u00e1ln\u00ed, pokud takto z\u00edskan\u00e9 d\u00edlo nebudete d\u00e1le \u0161\u00ed\u0159it ani ve\u0159ejn\u011b reprodukovat. V praxi to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee si p\u00edsni\u010dku m\u016f\u017eete st\u00e1hnout, ulo\u017eit ji na disk po\u010d\u00edta\u010de (na disk MP3 p\u0159ehr\u00e1va\u010de apod.) a podle libosti ji poslouchat. <a class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ict.mazuch.net\/subdom\/ict\/7-pocitace-a-zakony\/\">[&hellip;]<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"wppr_data":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ict.mazuch.net\/subdom\/ict\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/23"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ict.mazuch.net\/subdom\/ict\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ict.mazuch.net\/subdom\/ict\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ict.mazuch.net\/subdom\/ict\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ict.mazuch.net\/subdom\/ict\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=23"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.ict.mazuch.net\/subdom\/ict\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/23\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":38,"href":"https:\/\/www.ict.mazuch.net\/subdom\/ict\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/23\/revisions\/38"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ict.mazuch.net\/subdom\/ict\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=23"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}