{"id":68,"date":"2016-05-11T10:19:15","date_gmt":"2016-05-11T09:19:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ict.mazuch.net\/subdom\/ict\/?page_id=68"},"modified":"2016-05-11T10:19:15","modified_gmt":"2016-05-11T09:19:15","slug":"16-operacni-system-microsoft-windows","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.ict.mazuch.net\/subdom\/ict\/16-operacni-system-microsoft-windows\/","title":{"rendered":"(16) Opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m, Microsoft Windows"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pdfprnt-buttons pdfprnt-buttons-page pdfprnt-top-right\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ict.mazuch.net\/subdom\/ict\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/68?print=pdf\" class=\"pdfprnt-button pdfprnt-button-pdf\" target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.ict.mazuch.net\/subdom\/ict\/wp-content\/plugins\/pdf-print\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"image_pdf\" title=\"View PDF\" \/><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ict.mazuch.net\/subdom\/ict\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/68?print=print\" class=\"pdfprnt-button pdfprnt-button-print\" target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.ict.mazuch.net\/subdom\/ict\/wp-content\/plugins\/pdf-print\/images\/print.png\" alt=\"image_print\" title=\"Print Content\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"su-spoiler su-spoiler-style-fancy su-spoiler-icon-plus-circle su-spoiler-closed\" data-scroll-offset=\"0\" data-anchor-in-url=\"no\"><div class=\"su-spoiler-title\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"><span class=\"su-spoiler-icon\"><\/span>Osnova<\/div><div class=\"su-spoiler-content su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">\n<ol>\n<li>\u00davod<\/li>\n<li>Funkce opera\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu<\/li>\n<li>\u010c\u00edm je opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m tvo\u0159en<\/li>\n<li>J\u00e1dro<\/li>\n<li>Unix<\/li>\n<li>MS-DOS<\/li>\n<li>Windows<\/li>\n<li>Linux<\/li>\n<li>MAC OS<\/li>\n<li>Mobiln\u00ed OS<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<h2><strong>\u00davod<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>z\u00e1kladn\u00ed softwarov\u00e9 vybaven\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010de<\/li>\n<li>umo\u017e\u0148uje n\u00e1m ovl\u00e1dat po\u010d\u00edta\u010d<\/li>\n<li>hlavn\u00ed \u00fakol \u21d2 zprost\u0159edkovat vazbu mezi technick\u00fdm vybaven\u00edm po\u010d\u00edta\u010de a aplikacemi<\/li>\n<li>zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm u\u017eivatel d\u00e1v\u00e1 pokyny pro OS a v jak\u00e9 form\u011b dost\u00e1v\u00e1 zpr\u00e1vy o v\u00fdsledku proveden\u00e9 operace, je ozna\u010dov\u00e1n jako <strong>u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9 rozhran\u00ed<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>textov\u00e9<\/strong>: nap\u0159. MS-DOS, u\u017eivatel zad\u00e1v\u00e1 pokyny prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm tzv. p\u0159\u00edkazov\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1dku<\/li>\n<li><strong>grafick\u00e9<\/strong>: p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina sou\u010dasn\u00fdch opera\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f, umo\u017e\u0148uje ovl\u00e1dat po\u010d\u00edta\u010d pomoc\u00ed interaktivn\u00edch grafick\u00fdch ovl\u00e1dac\u00edch prvk\u016f \u21d2 na monitoru po\u010d\u00edta\u010de jsou zobrazena okna, ve kter\u00fdch programy zobrazuj\u00ed sv\u016fj v\u00fdstup<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>Funkce opera\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0158\u00edd\u00ed a spravuje p\u0159\u00edstup ke zdroj\u016fm v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu<\/li>\n<li>Organizuje p\u0159\u00edstup k dat\u016fm<\/li>\n<li>\u0158\u00edd\u00ed zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00faloh<\/li>\n<li>Podporuje komunikaci s u\u017eivatelem<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>\u010c\u00edm je opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m tvo\u0159en<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>j\u00e1dro (kernel)<\/li>\n<li>ovlada\u010de vstupn\u00edch a v\u00fdstupn\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>p\u0159\u00edkazov\u00fd procesor<\/li>\n<li>podp\u016frn\u00e9 programy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>J\u00e1dro<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0159\u00edd\u00ed \u010dinnost po\u010d\u00edta\u010de, poskytuje proces\u016fm slu\u017eby, spr\u00e1vu prost\u0159edk\u016f a spr\u00e1vu proces\u016f<\/li>\n<li><strong>druhy jader<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><u>monolitick\u00e9<\/u> &#8211; v\u0161echny slu\u017eby opera\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu b\u011b\u017e\u00ed spolu s hlavn\u00edm vl\u00e1knem a tedy i ve stejn\u00e9 oblasti pam\u011bti, chyba v libovoln\u00e9m ovlada\u010di za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee shodit opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m<\/li>\n<li><u>mikroj\u00e1dra<\/u> &#8211; ostatn\u00ed slu\u017eby v\u010detn\u011b t\u011bch, kter\u00e9 b\u011b\u017en\u011b poskytuje j\u00e1dro, jsou realizov\u00e1ny v u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9m prostoru, mikroj\u00e1dra jsou jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e monolitick\u00e1 j\u00e1dra.<\/li>\n<li><u>hybridn\u00ed<\/u> &#8211; Sna\u017e\u00ed se kombinovat v\u00fdhody p\u0159edchoz\u00edch 2 typ\u016f: rychlost od monolitick\u00fdch, stabilitu od mikro<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>Unix<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>naps\u00e1n v programovac\u00edm jazyce C, monolitick\u00e9 j\u00e1dro<\/li>\n<li>jednoduch\u00fd, v\u00edceu\u017eivatelsk\u00fd, podporuje multitasking<\/li>\n<li>data ukl\u00e1d\u00e1 jako hol\u00fd text<\/li>\n<li>v\u011bt\u0161ina sou\u010dasn\u00fdch opera\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f je unixov\u00fdmi syst\u00e9my r\u016fznou m\u011brou inspirov\u00e1na<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>MS-DOS<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>po\u010d\u00e1tky v roce 1981<\/li>\n<li>umo\u017e\u0148oval b\u011b\u017enou pr\u00e1ci se soubory a slo\u017ekami, spou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed soubor\u016f, form\u00e1tovat pam\u011b\u0165ov\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch m\u00e9n\u011b podstatn\u00fdch funkc\u00ed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>Windows<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>nyn\u00ed se jedn\u00e1 o OS s hybridn\u00edm j\u00e1drem<\/li>\n<li>podporuje preemptivn\u00ed multitasking \u21d2 j\u00e1dro neztr\u00e1c\u00ed kontrolu nad po\u010d\u00edta\u010dem a ani chybn\u011b naprogramovan\u00e1 \u00faloha nem\u016f\u017ee negativn\u011b ovlivnit b\u011bh cel\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>Linux<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>jedn\u00e1 o voln\u011b \u0161i\u0159iteln\u00fd software, tak\u017ee je mo\u017en\u00e9 ho nejen voln\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvat, ale i d\u00e1le upravovat a distribuovat<\/li>\n<li>pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 linuxov\u00e9 j\u00e1dro \u21d2 koncipov\u00e1no jako jednolit\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st k\u00f3du s podporou na\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed extern\u00edch modul\u016f \u21d2 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed stability, urychlen\u00ed b\u011bhu j\u00e1dra, zmen\u0161en\u00ed velikosti samotn\u00e9ho j\u00e1dra a zmen\u0161en\u00ed pam\u011b\u0165ov\u00fdch n\u00e1rok\u016f<\/li>\n<li>Linux je \u0161\u00ed\u0159en v podob\u011b linuxov\u00fdch distribuc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 obsahuj\u00ed jak zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 j\u00e1dro, tak software v takov\u00e9 form\u011b, kter\u00e1 usnad\u0148uje jeho instalaci a pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>MAC OS<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>je ozna\u010den\u00ed p\u016fvodn\u00edho opera\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu pro po\u010d\u00edta\u010de Macintosh od firmy Apple<\/li>\n<li>posledn\u00edch let sv\u00e9ho pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159estal syst\u00e9m vyhovovat rostouc\u00edm n\u00e1rok\u016fm a hledala se n\u00e1hrada \u21d2 MAC OS X<\/li>\n<li><strong>MAC OS X<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>slo\u017een z hybridn\u00edho j\u00e1dra unixov\u00e9ho typu<\/li>\n<li>X v n\u00e1zvu vyjad\u0159uje soun\u00e1le\u017eitost s Unixem, ale tak\u00e9 navazuje na posledn\u00ed Mac OS 9 jako \u010d\u00edslovka<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>Mobiln\u00ed OS<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>tyto opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9my jsou obvykle siln\u011b spjaty s hardwarovou str\u00e1nkou za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>syst\u00e9m je v\u011bt\u0161inou nahr\u00e1n na zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed intern\u00ed a standardn\u011b nep\u0159episovateln\u00e9 pam\u011bti<\/li>\n<li>r\u016fzn\u00fdmi zp\u016fsoby lze dos\u00e1hnout p\u0159eps\u00e1n\u00ed t\u00e9to pam\u011bti<em> (tzv. flashnut\u00ed) <\/em>a u\u017eivatel m\u016f\u017ee p\u016fvodn\u00ed syst\u00e9m p\u0159emazat<\/li>\n<li><strong>Android<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 Linuxov\u00e9 j\u00e1dro<\/li>\n<li>na konci roku 2014 dr\u017eel 85% pod\u00edl na trhu s telefony<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Windows Phone<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>n\u00e1stupce Windows Mobile<\/li>\n<li>Asi 2,5 % na mobiln\u00ed trhu<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>iOS<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>syst\u00e9m ur\u010den\u00fd pouze pro mobiln\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed firmy Apple<\/li>\n<li>jedn\u00e1 se o odleh\u010denou verzi Mac OS X<\/li>\n<li>zhruba 12% na trhu<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00davod z\u00e1kladn\u00ed softwarov\u00e9 vybaven\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010de umo\u017e\u0148uje n\u00e1m ovl\u00e1dat po\u010d\u00edta\u010d hlavn\u00ed \u00fakol \u21d2 zprost\u0159edkovat vazbu mezi technick\u00fdm vybaven\u00edm po\u010d\u00edta\u010de a aplikacemi zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm u\u017eivatel d\u00e1v\u00e1 pokyny pro OS a v jak\u00e9 form\u011b dost\u00e1v\u00e1 zpr\u00e1vy o v\u00fdsledku proveden\u00e9 operace, je ozna\u010dov\u00e1n jako u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9 rozhran\u00ed textov\u00e9: nap\u0159. MS-DOS, u\u017eivatel zad\u00e1v\u00e1 pokyny prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm tzv. p\u0159\u00edkazov\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1dku grafick\u00e9: p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina <a class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ict.mazuch.net\/subdom\/ict\/16-operacni-system-microsoft-windows\/\">[&hellip;]<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"wppr_data":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ict.mazuch.net\/subdom\/ict\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/68"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ict.mazuch.net\/subdom\/ict\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ict.mazuch.net\/subdom\/ict\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ict.mazuch.net\/subdom\/ict\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ict.mazuch.net\/subdom\/ict\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=68"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.ict.mazuch.net\/subdom\/ict\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/68\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":69,"href":"https:\/\/www.ict.mazuch.net\/subdom\/ict\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/68\/revisions\/69"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ict.mazuch.net\/subdom\/ict\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=68"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}