{"id":7,"date":"2016-05-10T21:23:53","date_gmt":"2016-05-10T20:23:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ict.mazuch.net\/subdom\/ict\/?page_id=7"},"modified":"2016-05-15T18:07:40","modified_gmt":"2016-05-15T17:07:40","slug":"2-site","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.ict.mazuch.net\/subdom\/ict\/2-site\/","title":{"rendered":"(2) S\u00edt\u011b"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"image_pdf\"<\/a>\"image_print\"<\/a><\/div>
<\/span>Osnova<\/div>
\n
    \n
  1. Vymezen\u00ed pojmu<\/li>\n
  2. IP adresa<\/li>\n
  3. MAC adresa<\/li>\n
  4. DNS<\/li>\n
  5. DHCP<\/li>\n
  6. Topologie s\u00edt\u00ed<\/li>\n
  7. LAN<\/li>\n
  8. MAN<\/li>\n
  9. WAN<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div><\/div>\n

    Co to je?<\/strong><\/h2>\n
      \n
    • spojen\u00ed dvou a v\u00edce po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f tak, aby mohli navz\u00e1jem sd\u00edlet sv\u00e9 prost\u0159edky<\/li>\n
    • je jedno, zda se jedn\u00e1 o prost\u0159edky hardwarov\u00e9, \u010di softwarov\u00e9<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      IP adresa<\/strong><\/h2>\n
        \n
      • IP adresa slou\u017e\u00ed k rozli\u0161en\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdch rozhran\u00ed p\u0159ipojen\u00fdch k po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 s\u00edti<\/li>\n
      • IP = Internet Protocol<\/li>\n
      • IP adresa mus\u00ed b\u00fdt v dan\u00e9 s\u00edti jednozna\u010dn\u00e1 \u21d2 jedno rozhran\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt v\u00edce IP adres, ale jedna IP adresa nem\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt na v\u00edce rozhran\u00edch<\/li>\n
      • ve\u0161ker\u00e1 data jsou mezi s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdmi rozhran\u00edmi p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ena v podob\u011b IP datagram\u016f<\/li>\n
      • v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b je nejpou\u017e\u00edvan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed verze IPv4<\/strong>\n
          \n
        • pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 32 bitov\u00e9 adresy, zapsan\u00e9 dekadicky po osmici bit\u016f<\/li>\n
        • nap\u0159.: 168.0.2<\/li>\n
        • struktura adresy: adresa s\u00edt\u011b + adresa pods\u00edt\u011b + adresa po\u010d\u00edta\u010de<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
        • z d\u016fvodu nedostatku IP adres je postupn\u011b nahrazov\u00e1n protokolem IPv6\n
            \n
          • pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 128bitov\u00e9 IP adresy zapsan\u00e9 hexadecim\u00e1ln\u011b<\/li>\n
          • nap\u0159.: 2001:db8:0:1234:0:567:8:1<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
          • jak zjistit IP adresu\n
              \n
            • spustit p\u0159\u00edkazov\u00fd \u0159\u00e1dek (cmd) \u21d2 p\u0159\u00edkaz ipconfig<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              MAC adresa<\/strong><\/h2>\n
                \n
              • MAC = Media Access Control<\/li>\n
              • \u201cfyzick\u00e1 adresa\u201d<\/li>\n
              • adresa je za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed p\u0159id\u011blena v\u00fdrobcem<\/li>\n
              • skl\u00e1d\u00e1 se ze 48 bit\u016f a zapisuje se jako t\u0159i skupiny \u010dty\u0159 hexadecim\u00e1ln\u00edch \u010d\u00edsel<\/li>\n
              • zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed MAC adresy\n
                  \n
                • spustit p\u0159\u00edkazov\u00fd \u0159\u00e1dek (cmd) \u21d2 ipconfig all nebo getmac<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  DNS (= Domain Name System)<\/strong><\/h2>\n
                    \n
                  • hierarchick\u00fd syst\u00e9m dom\u00e9nov\u00fdch jmen<\/li>\n
                  • jeho hlavn\u00edm \u00fakolem jsou vz\u00e1jem\u00e9 p\u0159evody dom\u00e9nov\u00fdch jmen a IP adres uzl\u016f s\u00edt\u011b, stejn\u011b tak zaji\u0161\u0165uje zp\u011btn\u00fd p\u0159eklad IP adresy na dom\u00e9nov\u00e9 jm\u00e9no<\/li>\n
                  • adresy jsou vyj\u00e1d\u0159eny pomoc\u00ed adres 32 bitov\u00fdh (IPv4) nebo 128 bitov\u00fdch (IPv6)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    DHCP<\/strong> (= Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)<\/strong><\/h2>\n
                      \n
                    • pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se pro automatickou konfiguraci po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f p\u0159ipojen\u00fdch do po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b<\/li>\n
                    • DHCP server p\u0159id\u011bluje po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016fm podle DHCP protokolu zejm\u00e9a IP adresu a adresu DNS serveru<\/li>\n
                    • platnost p\u0159id\u011blen\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f je omezen\u00e1, proto je na po\u010d\u00edta\u010di spu\u0161t\u011bn DHCP klient, kter\u00fd jejich platnost prodlu\u017euje<\/li>\n
                    • princip fungov\u00e1n\u00ed\n
                        \n
                      • klienti \u017e\u00e1daj\u00ed server o IP adresu, ten u ka\u017ed\u00e9ho klienta eviduje p\u016fj\u010denou IP adresu a \u010das, do kdy ji klient sm\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvat, pot\u00e9 co vypr\u0161\u00ed, sm\u00ed server adresu p\u0159id\u011blovat jin\u00fdm klient\u016fm<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                        Topologie s\u00edt\u00ed<\/strong><\/h2>\n
                          \n
                        • zab\u00fdv\u00e1 se zapojen\u00edm r\u016fzn\u00fdch prvk\u016f do po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00ed<\/li>\n
                        • ur\u010dit\u00fd tvar \u010di struktura dan\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b<\/li>\n
                        • fyzick\u00e1 topologie<\/strong>\n
                            \n
                          • popisuje re\u00e1lnou konstrukci s\u00edt\u011b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                          • logick\u00e1 topologie<\/strong>\n
                              \n
                            • vztahuje se k tomu, jak jsou data v s\u00edti p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ena a kudy prot\u00e9kaj\u00ed z jednoho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed do druh\u00e9ho \u21d2 nemus\u00ed nutn\u011b kop\u00edrovat fyzick\u00e9 sch\u00e9ma s\u00edt\u011b.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                              https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Topologie_s%C3%ADt%C3%AD<\/p>\n